nūhou

Ealry i kēia mahina, ua hoʻolaha ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka piʻi ʻana o nā hihia monkeypox i ka Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) a me kekahi mau ʻāina o ʻApelika, e hana ana i kahi pilikia olakino olakino o ka hopohopo honua.
Ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi monkeypox ma ke ʻano he pilikia olakino lehulehu ma muli o kona laha ʻana i nā ʻāina he nui, me Kina, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka maʻi ma mua. Eia nō naʻe, i ka Mei 2023, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana nā hihia o ka honua i ka emi ʻana, ua hāpai ʻia kēia kūlana o ka pilikia.
Ua paʻi hou ka maʻi monkeypox, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hihia ma Kina i kēia manawa, ua hoʻopiʻi nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiwahiwa i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ma o ka nahu ʻana i ka namu ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā kahua pāʻoihana kaiaulu Kina.
He aha nā kumu ma hope o ka ʻōlelo aʻo a WHO? He aha nā ʻano hou o kēia ahulau?
E hoʻouna ʻia anei ka ʻano hou o ka maʻi monkeypox e nā kulu a me nā makika?

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o ka monkeypox?
Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ai i ka maʻi monkey a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai?
Pehea e pale aku ai ke kanaka ia lakou iho?

No ke aha e loaʻa hou ai ka manaʻo?
ʻO ka mea mua, ua piʻi nui a wikiwiki hoʻi nā maʻi monkeypox i hōʻike ʻia i kēia makahiki. ʻOiai ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā hihia monkeypox ma DRC no nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o nā hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāina i ka makahiki 2023, a ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hihia i kēia makahiki i ka makahiki i hala, me ka huina o 15600 mau hihia, me 537 mau make. ʻElua lālā moʻo o ka maʻi ʻo Monkeypox, ʻo I a me II. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hōʻailona lapaʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lālā I o ka monkeypox virus ma DRC ma mua o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi ahulau 2022. I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 12 mau ʻāina ʻApelika i hōʻike i nā hihia o ka maʻi monkey, me Suedena a me Thailand e hōʻike ana i nā hihia i lawe ʻia mai ka maʻi monkeypox.

ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hihia hou. Aia nā hōʻike i ka nui o ka make o ka maʻi monkeypox maʻi lālā I ka maʻi e like me 10%, akā ua manaʻo kekahi loea mai ka Belgian Institute of Tropical Medicine i ka ʻikepili kumulative case i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei e hōʻike ana he 3% wale nō ka make o ka lālā I, e like me ka make o ka maʻi o ka lālā II. ʻOiai ʻo ka lālā monkeypox virus Ib i ʻike hou ʻia he kanaka i ke kanaka a hoʻolaha wikiwiki i nā kaiapuni kikoʻī, palena loa ka ʻikepili epidemiological ma kēia lālā, a ʻaʻole hiki iā DRC ke nānā pono i ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi a mālama i ka maʻi ahulau ma muli o nā makahiki o ke kaua a me ka ʻilihune. ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe i ka ʻike maʻamau maʻamau, e like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka pathogenicity ma waena o nā lālā virus.
Ma hope o ka hoʻolaha hou ʻana i ka maʻi monkeypox ma ke ʻano he pilikia olakino olakino o ka hopohopo honua, hiki i ka WHO ke hoʻoikaika a hoʻonohonoho i ka hui ʻana o ka honua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hana diagnostic, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kālā e hoʻokō maikaʻi ai i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hou o ke ahulau
ʻElua lālā moʻo o ka maʻi ʻo Monkeypox, ʻo I a me II. Ma mua o 2023, ʻo IIb ka maʻi nui i laha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka ia ma kahi o 96000 mau hihia a ma kahi o 184 mau make ma 116 mau ʻāina. Mai ka makahiki 2023, aia nā maʻi maʻi nui ma DRC ma ka lālā Ia, me kahi kokoke i 20000 mau hihia i manaʻo ʻia o ka monkeypox i hōʻike ʻia; Ma waena o lākou, he 975 mau hihia i manaʻo ʻia o ka make ʻana o ka monkeypox, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā keiki he 15 makahiki a ʻoi aʻe paha. Eia naʻe, ua laha aku ka lālā monkeypox virus Ⅰ b hou i ʻehā mau ʻāina ʻApelika, me Uganda, Kenya, Burundi a me Rwanda, a me Suedena a me Thailand, ʻelua mau ʻāina ma waho o ʻApelika.
Hōʻike kino
Hiki i ka Monkeypox ke hoʻopili i nā keiki a me nā mākua, maʻamau i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu: ka manawa huna, ka manawa prodromal, a me ka wā ʻūlū. ʻO ka awelika o ka manawa incubation no ka monkeypox hou i maʻi ʻia he 13 mau lā (kahi, 3-34 lā). He 1-4 mau lā ka prodromal a ʻike pinepine ʻia e ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ke poʻo ʻeha, ka luhi, a me ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka lymph node, ʻoi loa ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī luna. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka node Lymph kahi ʻano o ka monkeypox e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka moa. I ka wā o ka pele e mau ana he 14-28 mau lā, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻili ʻili ma ke ʻano centrifugal a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi mau pae: macules, papules, blisters, a hope pustules. He paʻakikī a paʻa ka ʻili ʻili, me nā palena maopopo a me ke kaumaha ma waena.
E hoʻopalapala a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻili o ka ʻili, a no laila ʻaʻole lawa ka pigmentation ma ka ʻāpana like ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a ukali ʻia e ka pigmentation nui. ʻO nā maʻi ʻili o ka mea maʻi mai ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i kekahi mau tausani, aia ma ka maka, ke kumu, nā lima, a me nā wāwae. Hiki pinepine nā ʻili ʻili ma nā poho lima a me nā kapuaʻi, ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka monkeypox ʻokoʻa mai ka moa. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia nā maʻi ʻili a pau i ka pae hoʻokahi, ʻo ia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka monkeypox mai nā maʻi hōʻailona ʻili ʻē aʻe e like me ka moa. ʻIke pinepine ka poʻe maʻi i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha ʻiʻo. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā hōʻailona a me ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi e pili pono ana i ka nui o nā ʻili ʻili. ʻOi loa kēia maʻi i nā keiki a me nā wahine hāpai. ʻO ka Monkeypox ka mea maʻamau e hoʻopau iā ia iho, akā haʻalele pinepine i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻino e like me ka ʻili maka.

Alanui lawe
He maʻi zoonotic ka Monkeypox, akā ua hoʻouna ʻia ka maʻi ʻino i kēia manawa ma waena o nā kānaka ma o ka launa pū ʻana me nā maʻi monkeypox. ʻO ka pili pili pili i ka ʻili i ka ʻili (e like me ka hoʻopā ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i ka moekolohe) a me ka waha i ka waha a i ʻole ka waha i ka ʻili (e like me ka honi), a me ka launa alo a me ka maka me nā maʻi maʻi monkeypox (e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana i kahi kokoke i kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā mea hanu infectious). I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe noiʻi e hōʻike ana he hiki i ka namu ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi monkeypox, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ʻo ka maʻi monkeypox a me ka maʻi puupuu liʻiliʻi no ka ʻano like o ka orthopoxvirus, a ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia ka maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi ma o nā makika, he haʻahaʻa loa ka hiki ʻana o ka maʻi monkeypox ma o ka makika. Hiki ke hoʻomau ka maʻi monkeypox no kekahi manawa ma luna o nā lole, nā moena, nā kāwele, nā mea, nā mea uila, a me nā wahi i loaʻa i ka poʻe maʻi monkeypox. Hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi i ka wā e launa pū ai me kēia mau mea, ʻoi aku ka nui inā loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻoki a i ʻole abrasion, a i ʻole e pā i ko lākou mau maka, ihu, waha, a i ʻole nā ​​​​membrane mucous ma mua o ka holoi ʻana i ko lākou mau lima. Ma hope o ka launa pū ʻana me nā mea hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana iā lākou, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lima, hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ia hoʻoili ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i ka pēpē i ka wā hāpai, a i ʻole ma o ka pili ʻana i ka ʻili i ka hānau ʻana a i ʻole ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki i ka poʻe i pili kino me nā holoholona e lawe ana i ka maʻi maʻi, e like me nā squirrels, hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi monkeypox. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻopili kino ʻana me nā holoholona a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo ma o ka nahu ʻana a i ʻole i ka wā o nā hana e like me ka hahai holoholona, ​​​​ʻili ʻili, ka pahele ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo haumia ʻaʻole i moʻa maikaʻi ʻia ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO wai ka pilikia?
ʻO ka poʻe e pili kokoke ana me nā maʻi me nā hōʻailona monkeypox hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi monkeypox, me nā limahana mālama ola a me nā ʻohana. Ke ulu nei nā ʻōnaehana pale kino o nā keiki, a pāʻani a pili pū lākou. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopau ʻia ma mua o 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, no laila ua kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka poʻe me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me nā wahine hāpai, ua manaʻo ʻia he poʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa i kēia manawa no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi monkeypox, no laila ʻo ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau koʻikoʻi ka lāʻau kākoʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha, a me ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia. Ua ʻae ʻia ʻelua mau lāʻau lapaʻau monkeypox e WHO akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Kina. ʻO lākou nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua, ua ʻae pū ʻo WHO i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo ACAM2000. Ua paʻi ʻo Gao Fu, he mea hoʻonaʻauao o ka Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Science, i kahi hana ma Nature Immunology i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2024, e hōʻike ana ʻo ka "ʻelua i hoʻokahi" recombinant protein kano o ka monkeypox virus i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka multi epitope chimerism hoʻolālā alakaʻi ʻia e ka antigen structure hiki ke pale i nā ʻelua infectious virus particles a me kona mana kū hoʻokahi. ʻO ka maʻi monkeypox he 28 mau manawa ma mua o ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi papa hana kano ʻokoʻa palekana a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi monkeypox. Ke hui pū nei ka hui me Shanghai Junshi Biotechnology Company e holomua i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.